The genus Fridericia belongs to the family Bignoniaceae and comprises 60 species that occur in humid to dry forests, cerrado, and caatinga vegetation. It may be found from Mexico to Argentina and southern Brazil. This article reviews studies conducted on this genus, primarily focusing on its chemical composition and biological activities. Of the 60 known Fridericia species, only 14 have been the object of chemical and biological studies, accounting for 23% of the researched species. Eighty-four compounds, mainly flavonoids, terpenes, xanthones, and phenylethanoids, have been isolated from these species. The biological properties described in this review include antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antiviral, healing, antiproliferative, trypanocidal, and antileishmania activities. Notably, the species F. chica has been the most studied, as it is listed in the National List of Medicinal Plants of Interest to the Brazilian Unified Health System (RENISUS).

Resumen Introducción: La reintroducción es un procedimiento utilizado para restablecer las poblaciones de animales silvestres. Objetivo: Evaluar el éxito de la reintroducción de Amazona aestiva e investigar si los factores abióticos (temperatura, humedad y luminosidad) interfieren en la búsqueda de la complementación alimenticia en los comederos instalados en el área de liberación. Métodos: Se iniciaron evaluaciones previas a la liberación con 59 Amazonas spp. Se realizaron pruebas de parasitología en heces, leucocitos, capacidad de vuelo y nivel de interacción animal-humano. En total, 33 animales fueron seleccionados y enviados al área de liberación, que es una región de ecotono entre los biomas de la Mata Atlántica y la Caatinga. Después de la liberación, se monitorearon durante un año las visitas a los comederos y la supervivencia en el área. En estos períodos también se registraron factores abióticos. Resultados: Las pruebas parasitológicas de huevos y parásitos en heces revelaron la presencia de Heterakis spp. y Eimeira spp. Los parámetros leucocitarios estuvieron dentro de los valores de referencia para la especie. Al menos el 50 % de los animales liberados sobrevivieron después de un año, con registros de eventos reproductivos. Los factores abióticos no interfirieron con las visitas de los animales al comedero. Sin embargo, la variable humedad explicó mejor las visitas por la mañana, mientras que las variables temperatura y luminosidad influyeron en la mayoría de las visitas por la tarde. Conclusión: La reintroducción está en el umbral de ser clasificada como exitosa. Los comederos y nidos artificiales instalados provocaron que los animales permanecieran en el área para ser monitoreados. Los factores abióticos pueden influir en la toma de decisiones de comportamiento diario relacionadas con el uso de alimentación complementaria en loros reintroducidos.

Abstract Introduction: Reintroduction is a procedure used to reestablish wild animal populations. Objective: To evaluate the success of reintroducing Amazona aestiva and investigate whether abiotic factors (temperature, humidity, and luminosity) interfere with the search for food supplementation in feeders installed in the release area. Methods: Pre-release evaluations were initiated with 59 Amazonas spp. Tests were run to stool parasitological tests, leukocytes, flight capacity, and level of animal-human interaction. In all, 33 animals were selected and sent to the release area, which is an ecotone between the Atlantic Forest and the Caatinga biomes. After release, visits to the feeders and survival in the area were monitored for a year. Abiotic factors were also recorded in these periods. Results: The stool parasitological tests revealed the presence of Heterakis spp. and Eimeira spp. The leukocyte parameters were within the reference values for the species. At least 50 % of the released animals survived after one year, with recordings of reproductive events. Abiotic factors did not interfere with the animal visits to the feeder. However, the variable humidity best explained visits in the morning, while the variables temperature and luminosity most influenced visits in the afternoon. Conclusion: The reintroduction observed and presented here is on the threshold of being classified as successful. The installed feeders and artificial nests caused the animals to stay in the area for monitoring. Abiotic factors may influence daily behavioral decision-making related to the use of supplementary feeding in reintroduced parrots.

Abstract Medical rescuers are the frontline for COVID-19 and their psychological experience and health are major concerns to our society and healthcare system. This study aims to understand how medical rescuers psychologically experienced this pandemic and explore the contributing variables to COVID-19 anxiety. Portuguese medical rescuers (n = 203) answered questions about their COVID-19 experience, the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale, Patient-Health Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory, and Well-Being Questionnaire. Rescuers presented low COVID-19 anxiety and low-moderate levels of fear. Most already faced or were facing changes in their job-related tasks, did not change household and did not feel stigma/discrimination. COVID-19 workplace security measures were considered moderately adequate and low anxiety, depression and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, low to moderate stress and moderate well-being were found. Only COVID-19 fear and security measures, anxiety, depression and obsessive-compulsive symptoms explained COVID-19 anxiety. Overall, findings showed these rescuers were psychologically well adjusted during the pandemic’s initial stages.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se o teste do anel do leite (TAL), utilizado para o diagnóstico da brucelose em nível de rebanho leiteiro, pode ser realizado em amostras de leite com conservador (Bronopol®) coletado para contagem de células somáticas (CCS) que é utilizado para monitoramento de mastite. Foram analisadas 38 amostras de leite de tanques de expansão (ALTE) de 19 rebanhos leiteiros produtores de queijo artesanal e 36 ALTE de rebanho leiteiro livre de brucelose, utilizadas como controle negativo (CN) e controle positivo (CP), quando foi adicionado soro de animais vacinados. As amostras de leite foram coletadas em dois frascos diferentes (com e sem Bronopol®). Todos as 38 ALTE de produtores artesanais de queijo (amostras com e sem Bronopol®) foram não reagentes ao TAL, como todos os CN. Todos os CP foram reagentes ao TAL, sem interferência do Bronopol®. Os resultados mostraram que a amostra de leite utilizada para CCS apresentaram a proporção de concordância dos resultados em todas as amostras de leite (100%), ou seja, não foram observados resultados falso-positivos e falso-negativos. Os resultados indicam que o Bronopol® não interferiu na cor no momento da leitura do TAL, sugerindo que as mesmas amostras de leite poderiam ser usadas para monitorar mastite e brucelose.

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated if the milk ring test (MRT) used to the brucellosis diagnostic at dairy herd level can be done in milk samples with conservative (Bronopol®) collected to the somatic cell count (SCC) that is used to mastitis monitoring. It were analyzed 38 bulk tank milk samples (BTMS) from 19 dairy herds artisanal cheese producers and 36 BTMS from a brucellosis free dairy herd, used as negative control (NC) and positive control (PC), when was added serum from vaccinated animals. The milk samples were collected in two different bottles (with or without Bronopol®). All the 38 BTMS from artisanal cheese producers (samples with and without Bronopol®) were non-reagent to MRT, as all NC. All PC were reagent to MRT, without interference of Bronopol®. Results showed that the milk sample used to SCC presented the proportion of agreement of results in all milk samples (100%), that is, false positive and false negative results were not observed. Results indicated that Bronopol® did not interfere with the color in the time of MRT reading suggesting that the same milk samples could be used to monitoring mastitis and brucellosis.

ABSTRACT: This article analyzed the international competitiveness of exports of forest products from 2008 to 2018. The information is available in the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the indicators used were: revealed comparative advantage (RCA), trade openness index (Oi) and the contribution to trade balance index (CTB). Results showed that the exportation of forest products are competitive, in addition gains in competitiveness have been observed by the RCA and in Europe, countries had losses in detriment of the financial crises and austerity measures adopted. All countries showed a low degree of openness by the Oi and had a comparative advantage by the CTB, except for China and Germany. It is concluded that the countries with bigger comparative advantages in the exportation of forest products were the ones that had contributed more for its commercial balance.

RESUMO: Este artigo analisou a competitividade internacional das exportações de produtos florestais, de 2008 e 2018. As informações estão disponíveis na Organização das Nações Unidas para Agricultura e Alimento (FAO) e os indicadores utilizados foram: vantagem comparativa revelada (RCA), o índice de abertura do comércio (Oi) e o índice de contribuição ao saldo comercial (CTB). Os resultados mostram que as exportações de produtos florestais são competitivas, ademais foram observados pelo RCA ganhos em competitividade e na Europa, os países tiveram perdas em detrimento das crises financeiras e medidas de austeridade adotadas. Todos os países apresentaram baixo grau de abertura pelo Oi e teve vantagem comparativa pelo CTB, com exceção da China e Alemanha. Conclui-se que os países com maiores vantagens comparativas nas exportações de produtos florestais foram os que mais contribuíram para o seu saldo comercial.

Abstract The Nascentes do Rio Parnaíba National Park (NPNP), located in Brazilian Cerrado, protects portions of three river basins: headwaters of Parnaíba, a small portion in upper Tocantins-Araguaia, and tributaries of the middle section of the São Francisco. This protected area is in the boundaries of the states of Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí, and Bahia, also known as MATOPIBA, a region that has established rapid agricultural expansion associated to land conflicts between corporate agriculture, family agriculture, protected areas, indigenous territories, and quilombola communities. The knowledge of the ichthyofauna in this region is scarce while the impacts on the aquatic environments are increasing. We made a survey of fishes in the NPNP and its surroundings areas, estimating richness, endemics, introduced and shared species between river basins. During 2014, 54 sampling sites were visited, 19 in the NPNP and 35 in the surrounding area. Ninety-five species, 51 genera, 22 families, and six orders were recorded, of which 38 (40%) are in the NPNP. One introduced species were recorded in the Parnaíba River basin and no endangered species were registered. Our data corroborate the importance of the network of protected areas for the preservation of Cerrado fishes, including some possibly undescribed and restricted-range species that may be threatened due to intense agricultural encroachment in the MATOPIBA region.

Resumo O Parque Nacional Nascentes do Rio Parnaíba (PNNP), localizado no Cerrado brasileiro, protege diferentes porções de três bacias hidrográficas, as cabeceiras do Parnaíba, uma pequena porção do alto rio Tocantins e tributários do trecho médio do São Francisco. Esta área protegida está localizada nos limites dos estados do Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí e Bahia, também conhecida como MATOPIBA, região que tem apresentado rápida expansão agrícola associada a conflitos fundiários do agronegócio com agricultura familiar, áreas protegidas, territórios indígenas e comunidades quilombolas. O conhecimento da ictiofauna nessas regiões é escasso, embora os impactos sobre os ecossistemas aquáticos sejam crescentes. Assim, elaboramos um levantamento de peixes do PNNP e em seu entorno, identificando a riqueza, espécies endêmicas, introduzidas e compartilhadas entre bacias hidrográficas. Durante o ano de 2014 foram visitados 54 locais de amostragem, 19 no PNNP e 35 no entorno. Foram coletadas 95 espécies, 51 gêneros, 22 famílias e seis ordens, das quais 38 espécies (40%) estão no PNNP. Uma espécie introduzida foi registrada na bacia do rio Parnaíba e nenhuma espécie ameaçada de extinção foi registrada. Os dados aqui apresentados corroboram a importância da rede de áreas protegidas para a preservação dos peixes do Cerrado, com espécies potencialmente novas e de distribuição restrita, que podem estar ameaçadas devido à intensa expansão agrícola na região do MATOPIBA.

The copper alloy UNS-C27200 is a binary brass, composed of 38wt%Zn, beeing one of the most used in the industry. The union of Cu-Zn alloys by conventional welding by fusion in thin plates presents several challenges. The Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process performs the union of two, or more materials, through a rotating tool that travels throughout the welding region. One the great advantages of FSW is working below the melting point of the material, which reduces the change in the microstructure and properties of the material, when compared to conventional welding processes. Due to the lack of research on FSW process in lap brass joints with thin thicknesses, the present work aims to expand these studies in order to contribute to future research. Eight conditions were evaluated, varying rotation and welding speed. In the best results by visual inspection, analyzes of microstructure, temperature, microhardness and mechanical strength were performed. The better welding results were obtained with ω=1050 rpm and ν=20 mm/min. There was reduction of approximately 50% between Stir Zone and Base metal. The mechanical strength was affected by the pin hole resulting from the process. The microstructure revealed a homogeneous mixture in the stir zone and no defects were detected.

The welding of metallic materials by the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) method is a very attractive process for preserving their characteristics, especially for copper and its alloys that require high heat input and present many distortions by traditional methods. However, it is a great challenge to produce welds free of defects and maintain or improve their mechanical properties. In the current literature data on FSW parameters for copper and its alloys are scarce. In this study, tests were performed with a combination of four tool rotations (750, 850, 950, 1050 rev.min-1) and two welding speeds (20 and 60 mm.min-1), maintaining the tool inclination angle in 3° and waiting time of 5 seconds. The objective of this work is to analyze the microstructure and mechanical performance of lap joints of the UNS C19400 alloy joined by FSW. The process temperature was monitored to trace the heating profile of the process, in addition to microhardness and shear strength tests, in addition to optical microscopy for analysis. The joints welded by the parameters Ω 950 rev.mm-1 �� 20mm.min-1 obtained a mechanical performance of 73% compared to the characteristics of the base metal and despite the appearance of volumetric defects at the microstructural level, the metallurgical transformations of recovery and recrystallization of the grains observed in the microstructure played a key role in the result.

ABSTRACT Researches on the use of essential oil of Piper aduncum L. (EOPA) as a synergist in stored grain pests are still incipient. This study aimed to determine the toxicity of deltamethrin and EOPA, as well as to study the effect of the binary mixture of EOPA + deltamethrin, on five Sitophilus zeamais Brazilian populations. The toxicity was investigated based on concentration-mortality data from deltamethrin and EOPA in thirteen S. zeamais populations. The standard susceptibility population of ¼ LC20 was used with the deltamethrin combinations to generate lethal concentrations capable of causing 50 and 95 % of mortality (LC50 and LC95). A binary mixture of EOPA x deltamethrin was also tested in five S. zeamais populations to detect the synergistic effect with the deltamethrin. The concentration-mortality curves were generated, and the residual toxicity values after 24 h of exposure ranged 0.003-0.08 µL cm-2 for deltamethrin, 0.04-2.038 µL cm-2 for EOPA and 0.0016-0.014 µL cm-2 for the binary mixture. The S. zeamais populations showed an uneven toxicity in response to the deltamethrin. The Jacarezinho (Paraná state) population showed resistance, with toxicity ratios for LC50 increasing by 3.06 and 4.13 times, when compared to susceptible populations, for EOPA and deltamethrin, respectively. The Barbacena (Minas Gerais state) population was considered as the susceptibility standard in the EOPA toxicity bioassays. The binary mixture suppressed the resistance mechanism of the tested S. zeamais populations due to the synergistic action of the bioinsecticide with the deltamethrin.

RESUMO Estudos sobre o uso de óleo essencial de Piper aduncum L. (OEPA) como sinérgico em pragas de grãos armazenados ainda são incipientes. Objetivou-se determinar a toxicidade de deltametrina e OEPA, bem como estudar o efeito da mistura binária de OEPA + deltametrina, em cinco populações brasileiras de Sitophilus zeamais. A toxicidade foi investigada com base em dados de concentração-mortalidade de deltametrina e OEPA em treze populações de S. zeamais. A população padrão de suscetibilidade de ¼ CL20 foi utilizada com as combinações de deltametrina para gerar concentrações letais capazes de causar mortalidade de 50 e 95 % (CL50 e CL95). Uma mistura binária de OEPA x deltametrina também foi testada em cinco populações de S. zeamais para detectar o efeito sinérgico com a deltametrina. As curvas concentração-mortalidade foram geradas e os valores de toxicidade residual após 24 h de exposição variaram 0,003-0,08 µL cm-2 para deltametrina, 0,04-2,038 µL cm-2 para OEPA e 0,0016-0,014 µL cm-2 para a mistura binária. As populações de S. zeamais apresentaram toxicidade desigual em resposta à deltametrina. A população de Jacarezinho (PR) apresentou resistência, com os índices de toxicidade para CL50 aumentando 3,06 e 4,13 vezes, em comparação às populações suscetíveis para OEPA e deltametrina, respectivamente. A população de Barbacena (MG) foi considerada padrão de suscetibilidade nos bioensaios de toxicidade de OEPA. A mistura binária suprimiu o mecanismo de resistência das populações de S. zeamais testadas devido à ação sinérgica do bioinseticida com a deltametrina.

ABSTRACT Seedling production is one of the most important stages of plant cultivation, with quality mainly depending on the substrate and plant material used. This study aimed to evaluate the production of Pereskia aculeata seedlings combining substrates and cutting diameters. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement, corresponding to five substrate combinations (commercial, kapok, palm, commercial + kapok and commercial + palm) and three cutting diameter ranges (0.5-3.0, 3.1-5.5 and 5.6-8.0 mm). The following parameters were evaluated: plant height, leaf length and width, number of shoots and leaves, root length, shoot and root fresh mass, shoot and root dry mass, total fresh and dry mass and Dickson quality index. There was a significant interaction effect between substrates and cutting diameters on the seedlings formed, except for number of shoots, leaf length and root dry mass. Seedlings of higher quality can be achieved with larger cutting diameters combined with commercial substrate. The palm and kapok substrates can be used alternatively when combined with larger cutting diameters.

RESUMO A produção de mudas é uma das etapas mais importantes no cultivo de hortaliças, com qualidade dependendo principalmente do substrato e do material vegetal adotado. Objetivou-se avaliar a produção de mudas de Pereskia aculeata combinando substratos e diâmetros de estaca. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 × 3, com combinação de cinco substratos (comercial, samaúma, palheira, comercial + samaúma e comercial + palheira) e três faixas de diâmetro de estaca (0,5-3,0; 3,1-5,5; e 5,6-8,0 mm). Foram avaliados a altura, comprimento e largura das folhas, número de brotos e de folhas, comprimento da raiz, massa fresca da parte aérea e raízes, massa seca da parte aérea e raízes, massa fresca e seca total, bem como calculado o índice de qualidade de Dickson. Houve interação significativa entre os substratos e diâmetros de corte nas mudas formadas, exceto para número de brotos, comprimento de folha e massa seca de raiz. Mudas de maior qualidade podem ser obtidas a partir de estacas de maior diâmetro em combinação com substrato comercial. Os substratos de palheira e samaúma podem ser uma alternativa, quando combinados com estacas de maior diâmetro.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic places unique challenges to medical rescuers’ occupational health. Thus, it is crucial to assess its direct and indirect impacts on key psychological outcomes and adaptation strategies. This study aims to analyse the impact of this pandemic on medical rescuers’ coping and emotion regulation strategies, and their levels of work-related psychological outcomes, such as burnout, trauma and post-traumatic growth. Additionally, it aims to analyse the contribution of coping and emotion regulation strategies, employed to manage the COVID-19 pandemic, on burnout, trauma and post-traumatic growth. A sample of 111 medical rescuers answered the Brief Cope, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, Impact of Event Scale-Revised and Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory. Medical rescuers resorted moderately to coping and emotion regulation strategies, since the beginning of COVID-19. They presented moderate burnout and post-traumatic growth and low trauma. Coping presented a higher weight on burnout, trauma and post-traumatic growth, than emotion regulation. Expressive suppression and dysfunctional coping predicted burnout and trauma, and problem and emotion-focused coping predicted post-traumatic growth. Dysfunctional coping mediated and, thus, exacerbated the effect of expressive suppression on burnout and on trauma. Practitioners should pay closer attention to professionals with higher burnout and trauma. Occupational practices should focus on reducing dysfunctional coping and expressive suppression and promoting problem-focused coping.

Resumo A pandemia COVID-19 coloca desafios únicos à saúde ocupacional dos profissionais do pré-hospitalar. Assim, é fundamental avaliar o seu impacto psicológico, para sintomatologia direta ou indiretamente relacionada com a COVID-19. Pretende-se analisar o impacto desta pandemia nos outcomes psicológicos laborais, como burnout, trauma e crescimento pós-traumático, e nas estratégias de coping e regulação emocional. Pretende-se também analisar o contributo do coping e regulação emocional para estes outcomes. Uma amostra de 111 profissionais de emergência médica pré-hospitalar responderam ao Brief Cope, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, Impact of Event Scale-Revised e Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory. Os profissionais recorreram moderadamente a estratégias de coping e regulação emocional, desde o início da pandemia. Reportaram moderado burnout e crescimento pós-traumático e baixo trauma. O coping apresentou maior peso para os outcomes. A supressão emocional e o coping disfuncional contribuíram para o burnout e trauma, e o coping problema e emoção contribuíram para o crescimento pós-traumático. O coping disfuncional mediou e exarcebou o efeito da supressão emocional no burnout e trauma. Assim, poderá ser dada especial atenção a profissionais com elevado burnout e trauma e as práticas poderão ser focadas na redução do coping disfuncional e supressão emocional, bem como na promoção do coping problema.

Resumo Introdução Idosos institucionalizados possuem maiores riscos para a prescrição de cinco ou mais medicamentos, ou polifarmácia, e, por consequência, de eventos adversos, por apresentarem problemas de saúde limitantes, fragilidade e baixa funcionalidade. Esse risco é ainda maior quanto maior o declínio cognitivo. Objetivo Determinar a prevalência de declínio cognitivo (DC) e a relação com o uso de medicamentos em idosos institucionalizados. Método Estudo transversal descritivo realizado por análise de prontuários dos idosos institucionalizados portadores ou não de DC, conforme resultados de testes validados. Foram levantados os medicamentos utilizados e os medicamentos potencialmente inadequados (MPI) por meio dos Critérios de Beers (2015). Resultados Foram avaliados 88 idosos, com idade média de 77,6 (9,2) anos. A prevalência de DC foi de 75%, sendo maior no sexo feminino (82,5%, p = 0,01) e em idosos acima de 80 anos (85%, p = 0,04). Antieméticos e inibidores de bomba de prótons foram significativamente mais utilizados nos idosos com DC. A prevalência de polifarmácia foi de 69,3%, e 71 idosos (80,68%) utilizavam pelo menos um MPI, com maior prevalência do uso de MPI na faixa etária de 60 a 79 anos (p = 0,004). Os idosos que utilizavam pelo menos um MPI também usavam maior número de medicamentos (p = 0,014). Conclusão A presença de DC teve relação com a maior utilização de antieméticos e inibidores de bomba de prótons, mas não com o maior uso de MPI. Além disso, foi observada elevada prevalência de polifarmácia e MPI em prescrições dos idosos institucionalizados.

Abstract Background Institutionalized elderly are at greater risk of prescribing five or more medications and consequently of higher occurence of adverse events, as they have limiting health problems, frailty and low functionality. This risk is even greater if they also have cognitive decline. Objective To determine the prevalence of cognitive disorders (CDs) and its association with the medication used by the institutionalized elderly population of the interior of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Method Descriptive cross-sectional study for analysis of medical records of institutionalized elderly with or without CDs, according to validated tests. The medicine used and the potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) were determined as per the Beers criteria (2015). Results Eighty eight elderly people, with mean age of 77.6 (9.2) years, were included. CD prevalence was 75% higher in females (82.5%, p = 0.01) and in older age groups, with 80 years and above (85%, p = 0.04). Antiemetics and proton pump inhibitors were significantly more used by the elderly with CDs. The prevalence of polypharmacy was 69.3%, 71 elderlies (80.7%) used at least one PIM, and a higher prevalence of PIM use was observed in elderly people of 60 to 79 years old (p = 0.004). The elderly who used at least one PIM was also observed to use a higher number of medications (p = 0.014). Conclusion CDs was found to be related to the higher use of antiemetics and proton pump inhibitors, but not to the use of PIMs in regards to the institutionalized elderlies. Furthermore, a high prevalence of polypharmacy and PIMs were detected in the prescriptions of the institutionalized elderly subjects.

RESUMO Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a competitividade brasileira das exportações dos produtos florestais, de 2008 a 2018. Os dados de importações e exportações de produtos florestais foram obtidos da Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations – FAO e para mensurar o comércio internacional utilizou os indicadores Vantagem Comparativa Revelada (VCR), contribuição ao saldo comercial (CSC) e Taxa de Cobertura (TC). Os principais resultados mostraram que o Brasil possui superavit na balança comercial de produtos florestais, sendo as exportações de celulose o principal. O VCR brasileiro de produtos florestais foi classificado de moderada a forte e, entre os agregados de produtos florestais, a celulose foi forte, os painéis de madeira de fraco a moderado, papel e papelão fraco, madeira serrada de fraco a não expressivo e a madeira industrial e madeira para energia não expressivo. Por meio do CSC brasileiro de produtos florestais, todos agregados possuem vantagem comparativa, com exceção da madeira para energia. O TC brasileiro foi forte para painéis de madeira, madeira serrada, madeira industrial, celulose, sendo os mais expressivos em ordem decrescente, respectivamente. Conclui-se que as exportações brasileiras apresentam vantagens comparativas e tem competitividade no mercado internacional.

ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze Brazil’s global competitiveness in the exportation of forest products from 2008 to 2018. Data on importation and exportation were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - FAO, while Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Contribution to Trade Balance (CTB), and Terms of Trade (TOT) were the indicators used to measure international trade. The main results show that Brazil has a positive trade balance for forest products, mainly for wood pulp exports. Brazil’s RCA for forest products was classified as moderate to strong. As for the forest product groups, it was strong for wood pulp, weak to moderate for wood panels, weak for paper and paperboard, weak to nonexpressive for timber, and non-expressive for industrial roundwood and wood fuel. Based on Brazil’s CTB, all the forest product groups have a comparative advantage, except wood fuel. Brazil’s TOT was strong for wood panels, timber, industrial roundwood, wood pulp, in order from most to least expressive. In conclusion, Brazilian exports have comparative advantages and are competitive in the international market.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar, na perspectiva dos portadores de tuberculose, a relação entre a acessibilidade ao sistema de saúde, o espaço de tempo e a realização do diagnóstico. Métodos Estudo analítico, correlacional, com delineamento transversal, realizado com 105 portadores de tuberculose atendidos na Atenção Primária à Saúde e no Serviço de Referência Especializado de um município prioritário mineiro. A análise de correspondência múltipla foi utilizada para identificar a associação entre os componentes da acessibilidade ao sistema de saúde, o espaço de tempo e a realização do diagnóstico da tuberculose. Resultados Observou-se associação temporal com o retardo no diagnóstico da tuberculose, com relação direta do serviço de primeira escolha do paciente, sendo os hospitais os locais que realizavam o diagnóstico em tempo oportuno, revelando baixa resolutividade dos serviços de atenção primária para as ações de controle da doença, no que se refere, principalmente, à identificação dos sintomáticos respiratórios. Conclusão Os achados destacam a urgência na reorganização dos serviços de atenção à tuberculose, fortalecendo a descentralização das ações para a Atenção Primária à Saúde, com enfoque na identificação precoce dos sintomáticos respiratórios e garantia de acessibilidade aos serviços de saúde, a fim de minimizar os impactos da extensão temporal no diagnóstico precoce.

Abstract Objective To analyze, from the perspective of tuberculosis patients, the relationship between accessibility to the health system, time period, and diagnosis. Methods This is an analytical, correlational study with a cross-sectional design was carried out with 105 tuberculosis patients treated in Primary Healthcare and in the Specialized Reference Service of a priority municipality in Minas Gerais. Multiple correspondence analysis was used to identify the association between the components of accessibility to the health system, time period, and tuberculosis diagnosis. Results A temporal association was observed with the delay in tuberculosis diagnosis, with a direct relationship between patients’ first choice service, and hospitals were the places that gave diagnosis in a timely manner, revealing low resolution of primary care services for disease control actions, especially regarding the identification of respiratory symptoms. Conclusion The findings highlight the urgency in the reorganization of tuberculosis care services, strengthening the decentralization of actions for Primary Healthcare, focusing on the early identification of respiratory symptoms and ensuring accessibility to healthcare services, in order to minimize the impacts of temporal extension on early diagnosis.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar, bajo la perspectiva de los portadores de tuberculosis, la relación entre la accesibilidad al sistema de salud, el espacio de tiempo y la realización del diagnóstico. Métodos Estudio analítico, correlacional, con diseño transversal, realizado con 105 portadores de tuberculosis atendidos en la Atención Primaria de Salud y en el Servicio de Referencia Especializado de un municipio prioritario del estado de Minas Gerais. El análisis de correspondencia múltiple fue utilizado para identificar la relación entre los componentes de la accesibilidad al sistema de salud, el espacio de tiempo y la realización del diagnóstico de tuberculosis. Resultados Se observó asociación temporal con el retraso del diagnóstico de la tuberculosis, con relación directa del servicio de primera opción del paciente, de los cuales los hospitales era el lugar que se realizaba el diagnóstico a su debido tiempo, lo que revela una baja resolución de problemas de los servicios de atención primaria para las acciones de control de la enfermedad, principalmente respecto a la identificación de los sintomáticos respiratorios. Conclusión Los resultados señalan la urgencia de reorganizar los servicios de atención de tuberculosis y fortalecer la descentralización de las acciones hacia la Atención Primaria de Salud, con enfoque en la identificación temprana de los sintomáticos respiratorios y garantía de accesibilidad a los servicios de salud a fin de minimizar los impactos de la extensión temporal del diagnóstico temprano.

Abstract The aim of this work was to develop an oral solution of captopril at 5 mg/mL preservative-free. Two formulations were prepared, one containing sweetener (formulation 1) and the other without this excipient (formulation 2). The results found of validation parameters from analytical method performed by HPLC for captopril were, linearity 0.9998, the limit of detection 15.71 µg/mL, the limit of quantification 47.60 µg/mL, repeatability 1.05%, intermediate precision 2.42%, accuracy intraday 101,53%, accuracy inter-day 99.85%. Moreover, the results found for captopril disulfide were, linearity 0.9999, limit of detection 0.65 µg/mL, limit of quantification 1.96 µg/mL, repeatability 2.28%, intermediate precision 1.51%, accuracy intraday 101.36%, accuracy inter-day 100.29%. The appearance of formulations was clear and colorless, pH measures were 3.12 and 3.04, dosage of captopril and captopril disulfide were 99.45% and 99.82%, 0.24% and 0.12% for formulation 1 and formulation 2, respectively. The stability study demonstrated that the concentration of captopril and captopril disulfide in the formulations was > 90% and below 3%, respectively. The in vivo palatability study in animals and humans showed that Formulation 1 containing the sweetener had better acceptance. Thus, the sweetener was able to improve the unpleasant taste of the formulation.